Free Essays on Shadows of Auschwitz

Shadows of Auschwitz The Holocaust was from 1933 to 1939, where the Nazi’s made it their lifelong duty to ruin Jewish people. It started in 1933 by new German laws forcing Jewish people to quit certain jobs. In 1935, German Jews were stripped of their citizenship. Eventually, anti-Jewish regulations made it to where the Jewish couldn’t attend public schools, or walk in certain sections of German cities. Their businesses and properties were either seized or they were forced to sell them at bargain prices. Finally, the Nazi’s turned to physical destruction. They arrested Jewish men, and murdered innocent individuals. This riot became known as Kristallnacht, or the ‘Night of broken glass’. At Witness and Legacy, one collage, which I was very awe-struck by, was in it’s own separate room. The piece is called ‘Shadows of Auschwitz’, by Pearl Hirshfield. The equivocal space she uses is amazing. When you walk into the room, the walls are black, making it completely dark. The floor is a plane, also painted black. There are lines on the floor painted to make it look like a railroad track. All the colors she uses are neutral, mostly blacks or grays. To the left, there is a kinetic piece, consisting of a halogen lamp, and around the light is a revolving black thing about 3 inches wide. When it revolves around the light, you see the halogen light, and when the black part covers it, it shadows the room. It also makes shadows constantly move about the room. To the right is a representational structure that looks like a wooden fence, with slots in between each fence post. On the fence slots, there are images of a train. This is all the width of a hallway, about 30 feet long. At the back of the room, on the wall is written ‘Beyond the fence stand the Lords of Death, and not far away the train is waiting’. On the other side of the room, facing the opposite direction is more of the collage. On the opposit... Free Essays on Shadows Of Auschwitz Free Essays on Shadows Of Auschwitz Shadows of Auschwitz The Holocaust was from 1933 to 1939, where the Nazi’s made it their lifelong duty to ruin Jewish people. It started in 1933 by new German laws forcing Jewish people to quit certain jobs. In 1935, German Jews were stripped of their citizenship. Eventually, anti-Jewish regulations made it to where the Jewish couldn’t attend public schools, or walk in certain sections of German cities. Their businesses and properties were either seized or they were forced to sell them at bargain prices. Finally, the Nazi’s turned to physical destruction. They arrested Jewish men, and murdered innocent individuals. This riot became known as Kristallnacht, or the ‘Night of broken glass’. At Witness and Legacy, one collage, which I was very awe-struck by, was in it’s own separate room. The piece is called ‘Shadows of Auschwitz’, by Pearl Hirshfield. The equivocal space she uses is amazing. When you walk into the room, the walls are black, making it completely dark. The floor is a plane, also painted black. There are lines on the floor painted to make it look like a railroad track. All the colors she uses are neutral, mostly blacks or grays. To the left, there is a kinetic piece, consisting of a halogen lamp, and around the light is a revolving black thing about 3 inches wide. When it revolves around the light, you see the halogen light, and when the black part covers it, it shadows the room. It also makes shadows constantly move about the room. To the right is a representational structure that looks like a wooden fence, with slots in between each fence post. On the fence slots, there are images of a train. This is all the width of a hallway, about 30 feet long. At the back of the room, on the wall is written ‘Beyond the fence stand the Lords of Death, and not far away the train is waiting’. On the other side of the room, facing the opposite direction is more of the collage. On the opposit... Free Essays on Shadows of Auschwitz Shadows of Auschwitz The Holocaust was from 1933 to 1939, where the Nazi’s made it their lifelong duty to ruin Jewish people. It started in 1933 by new German laws forcing Jewish people to quit certain jobs. In 1935, German Jews were stripped of their citizenship. Eventually, anti-Jewish regulations made it to where the Jewish couldn’t attend public schools, or walk in certain sections of German cities. Their businesses and properties were either seized or they were forced to sell them at bargain prices. Finally, the Nazi’s turned to physical destruction. They arrested Jewish men, and murdered innocent individuals. This riot became known as Kristallnacht, or the ‘Night of broken glass’. At Witness and Legacy, one collage, which I was very awe-struck by, was in it’s own separate room. The piece is called ‘Shadows of Auschwitz’, by Pearl Hirshfield. The equivocal space she uses is amazing. When you walk into the room, the walls are black, making it completely dark. The floor is a plane, also painted black. There are lines on the floor painted to make it look like a railroad track. All the colors she uses are neutral, mostly blacks or grays. To the left, there is a kinetic piece, consisting of a halogen lamp, and around the light is a revolving black thing about 3 inches wide. When it revolves around the light, you see the halogen light, and when the black part covers it, it shadows the room. It also makes shadows constantly move about the room. To the right is a representational structure that looks like a wooden fence, with slots in between each fence post. On the fence slots, there are images of a train. This is all the width of a hallway, about 30 feet long. At the back of the room, on the wall is written ‘Beyond the fence stand the Lords of Death, and not far away the train is waiting’. On the other side of the room, facing the opposite direction is more of the collage. On the opposit...

A Study Of The Flawed Competition Market Of Skechers Sdn. Bhd

A Study Of The Flawed Competition Market Of Skechers Sdn. Bhd Imperfect competition market is a market where there are one or several vendors who dominate the market or prices, as well as few buyers dominates a market or prices. Imperfect competition does not followed some rules of of perfect competition. When dealing with imperfect competition the equilibrium price can be influenced by the actions of agents. In imperfect competition the price of goods can increase above their marginal cost and thus have customers decrease their level of purchase, and so reach inefficient levels of production. The existence of the various parties that dominate the market or the price of goods and services will produce diversity forms of imperfectly competitive market. In general, the types or forms of imperfect competition markets is monopoly market, olygopoly market, monopolistic market, monopsony market, and oligopsony market. Skechers Sdn. Bhd is the type of imperfect competition. Skechers Sdn. Bhd is company that offers a high-performance footwear brand. They designs, developes and market more than 3000 styles who are design for men, women, and kids. The company sells its footwear in department, speciality and independent stores, as well as more than 1100 company-owned Skechers retail stores as well as online bussiness at skechers.com.the company’s success stems from it’s high quality, diversified, and affordable product line that meets consumers variuos lifestyle needs. Based on the investigation that we made Skechers Sdn. Bhd use monopolistic competition to market their product. It refers to that market in which many producers produce goods which are close substitutes of each other. The number of producers is sufficiently large and each one of them produces goods which are similar, but not the same. The term used to describe this is product differentiation. This market we often meet when we visit the supermarket. There we will find a variety of forms, types and brands of similar but not identical. Physicall difference means that the product of one firm is physically different from the other product of other firms. Physicall differentiton is done through differences in materials use, design, colour etc. For example, Skechers, Adidas, and Nike are a footware brand that offers same product in market. Although all shoes have same functions which is to protect feet from injuiry, but every product produced by different manufacturers have the specific cha racteristics of their own product. Skechers use physically differentitiation product to compete with other footwear manufactures this can be proof when they offer a wonderfull design, comfort features, offered with variety of colors , and a low price etc. In a monopolistic market, manufacturers have the ability to influence the price although the effect is not as producers of market monopoly or oligopoly. This ability comes from the nature of the goods produced. Because of the differences and characteristics of the goods, consumers will not easily switch to another brand, and continue to choose the brand even though producers raise prices. For example, the shoe market in Malaysia. A shoe is tend to be homogeneous, but each of it has its own special features. For example Skechers, which has comfort features and attractive design that can be used in various events whether formal or informal. While Adidas has the advantage with their high-quality product. As a result, every brand has loyal customers each. Under monopolistic competition there is freedom of entry and exit. Thus under monopolistik competition it is found that both that features of competition and monopoly are present. For example, there are number of manufactures producing different brands of footwear like Skechers, Adidas, Nike etc. The manufacturer of Skechers has got the monopoly of producing it. Nobody can produce and sell footwear with the name Skechers. But at the same time their faces competition from other manufactures of footwear as their product are close subtitutes of Skechers footwear. Firms under monopolistic competition market incur a considerable expenditures on advertisement and selling cost so as to win over customers. In order to promote sale firms follow definete-methods af competing rivals other than prices. Advertisemet is a prominent example of non-price competition. The advertisment and other selling cost by a firm that change the consumer’s wants for their product and attract more customers. For example, Skechers has appointed a Hong Kong actor and singer, Sammi Cheng as their official spokesperson brand to promote their new product named as Skechers Gorun.According to Sanmi this Skechers new product have attractive design and offers with more bright colors to increase the confidence and spirit of the wearer, this shoes are also equipped with sensor tecnhnology that responds to brain. Users will detect and correct reaction of the positions they run thus making the run more comfortable.

Literature Review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 5

Literature Review - Essay Example There are questions that often come up when the issue of abortion is deliberated upon: some critics believe that abortion compromises known standards of morality and allow people, most especially women, to abuse their bodies without minding that their random sexual habit would backfire in unwanted pregnancies (Dellapenna, 1979). But this assertion may not be true on all occasions since abortion has been deemed necessary in some complicated circumstances: for examples, victims of rapes, sexual harassment and other crimes against women may carry pregnancies that they do not want from such encounters—in such situations, they need to terminate them to remain sane and happy (Dellapenna, 1979). Why has abortion created this much trouble for all parties involved in its heated debate? Abortion, typically, is a medical procedure that involves removing living fetus from the womb of a woman. This process has been in practice over several centuries, but it becomes more pronounced in the current period because of the decay of morality in homes and societies. This has led to wanton sexual behavior that, on most occasions, leads to unwanted pregnancies that would be aborted (Dworkin, 1993). There are two perspectives to the matter of abortion: one school of thought regards the act as a subtle way to kill a living human soul (as in fetus); the other group sees it as an opportunity or right to freedom individual should enjoy, explaining that everyone should have the power of choice—whether to do abortion or not (Dworkin, 1993). The opponents of abortion think that people in America could help themselves if they would pay attention to their lifestyles and/or do Family Planning or Contraceptive Procedures to prevent unwanted pregnancies. The groups that support it believe that everyone could do whatever he/she likes in as much as the laws are not broken—this may include having the freedom to enjoy sex randomly; a practice that could cause

Effects of Platelet-rich Plasma Injections on the Ulnar Collateral Thesis

Effects of Platelet-rich Plasma Injections on the Ulnar Collateral Ligament in Baseball Pitchers - Thesis Example ...†¦11 a. Inclusion criteria †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦.†¦11 b. Subjects and sample size†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦...12 c. Formulation of questionnaire†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.13 d. Questionnaire design†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦..15 4. Data analysis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.19 a. Patient demographics†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..19 b. History of injury†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦.19 c. Current level of competition†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦.22 d. Evaluati on of physical fitness of the elbow†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..22 5. Results†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦24 6. Discussion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦27 a. Conclusions†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦27 b. Shortcomings and Limitations†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.28 c. Future Perspectives†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..29 7. Appendix†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.31 a. Tables †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã ¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.31 i. Table 1†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.32 ii. Table 2†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.33 iii. Table 3†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.36 iv. ... Figure 4†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.46 v. Figure 5†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.47 vi. Figure 6†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.48 vii. Figure 7†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.49 viii. Figure 8†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.50 8. Works Cited†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦51 [Student’s Name] [Instructor’s Name] [Course Title] 25 May 2015 Effects of Platelet-rich Pl asma Injections On the Ulnar Collateral Ligament in Baseball Pitchers Abstract Among sports-related injuries, tears in the Ulnar Collateral Ligament (UCL) are a major cause of concern. Such injuries are particularly common in sports that involve overhead throwing, like baseball, cricket, javelin and racket sports. Most UCL injuries are localized in the elbow joint. These injuries manifest as painful swellings and lead to elbow instability, rendering the sufferer incapable of playing any further. Thus, UCL injuries are also considered as the end of a sportsman’s career. Owing to modern science, many treatment modalities are now available for the treatment of UCL injuries, ranging from physical therapies to surgical interventions. Most minor injuries resolve on their own over time, often requiring only a minor period of rest. However, severe injuries demand surgical replacement of the ulnar collateral ligament. Recent advances in biomedical sciences have introduced novel modes of treatment that induce self-healing of the soft tissues in the patients. One such treatment is the use of Platelet rich plasma, derived from the patient’s own blood. PRP is rich platelets that release growth factors, which accelerate the

Cause & Effect Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Cause & Effect - Essay Example Alexie Sherman’s book, "Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian† is based on experiences that relate to poignant drawings reflecting on people’s behavior in art. Practice makes perfect can be well related to whereby regular practice increases the likelihood of better performance among students. Alexi (2009), points out that improved performance correlates to action of Alexie in his book, which propelled him to winning numerous accolades such as the National Book Awards in 2007 for Young People’s Literature. Dylon Porlas attends Prep School in 2008-2009 where he earns a letter of admission in the school’s football club as a senior. Porlas gets elected in as an MVP for two consecutive seasons. Dylons achievements include leading the school team to a conference and the San Diego sections crown. Dylon recorded a sterling performance score in the ratio of 10:3. Among other colleagues, he helped form Pop Warner football club in 2006. Participating in clubs, and other performances in various fields help one in earning a living as well as getting a good reputation in the society. In the article, Reynolds argues that children who take part in regular exercise are able to absorb and retain information well. Regular exercise translates into high alertness and concentration. Routine practice happens efficiently compared teens who do not take part in sports. Because, actions involving physical agility helps young Native Americans stay alert at home and school. Because of a student’s unique background, engaging in baseball improves their social skills and lessens boredom. It clear that a success in sports encourages young people to improve their confidence. As time is constantly changing, young persons have been able to build their self-worth through sports which instills a sense of discipline and commitment. Sports nurtures a young person’s innate social instincts and help them to become better. Social instincts enables them in

Propolis and Calcium Hydroxide Against Enterococcus Faecalis

Propolis and Calcium Hydroxide Against Enterococcus Faecalis Title: An in-vitro comparison of endodontic medicaments Propolis and Calcium hydroxide alone and in combination with Ciprofloxacin and Moxifloxacin against Enterococcus faecalis. Abstract: Aim: To evaluate and compare the antimicrobial properties of Propolis and Calcium hydroxide alone and in combination with Ciprofloxacin and Moxifloxacin against Enterococcus faecalis (E. Faecalis). Materials and Methods The laboratory study was carried out to test the effectiveness of propolis and calcium hydroxidealone as well as in combination with the established endodontic medicaments (Moxifloxacin and Ciprofloxacin). The various combinations were : Group1: Propolis, Group 2: calcium hydroxide, Group 3: Moxifloxacin, Group 4: Ciprofloxacin, Group 5: Propolis + Moxifloxacin, Group 6: Propolis + Ciprofloxacin, Group 7: Calcium hydroxide + Ciprofloxacin, Group 8: Calcium hydroxide + Moxifloxacin. The efficacy of these medicaments was tested by checking for the zone of inhibition for the specific strain (ATCC 29212) of Enterococcus faecalis at different time intervals i.e. 24hr, 48hr and 72hr. Results Mean zone of inhibition was maximum in Group V (21.94Â ±4.26) followed by Group VI (18.80Â ±1.93), Group I (18.71Â ±4.26), Group VIII (15.88Â ±2.59), Group III (14.91Â ±1.00), Group VII (14.57Â ±2.17), Group IV (13.91Â ±1.00) and minimum in Group II (12.89Â ±2.14). Mean zone of inhibition were found to be maximum at 72 hr and minimum at 24 hr. At all time intervals, the combination of Propalis with Moxiflocacin showed the maximum antimicrobial efficacy. Conclusion: On the basis of the results of the present study it can be concluded that Propolis and Calcium hydroxide show synergistic effect with Moxifloxacin and Ciprofloxacin against E. Faecalis. Propolis in combination with antibiotics and alone is more effective than calcium hydroxide. Clinical significance: Since propolis alone and in combination with antibiotics was observed to be more effective than calcium hydroxide, propolis can be considered as an intra canal medicament when compared to traditional calcium hydroxide. Key words: Calcium Hydroxide, Ciprofloxacin, E. fecalis, Intra canal medicaments, Laboratory research, Moxifloxacin, Propolis. Introduction: For successful endodontic treatment, proper diagnosis, thorough chemo-mechanical preparation, and three dimensional obturation of root canal space are paramount. Regardless of these treatment protocols, bacteria can still persist in the complex anatomy of root canal space, thus the ability of intra canal medicament to restrain or eliminate residual bacteria and prevent re-infection may play an increasingly important role in achieving and maintaining a higher success rate of root canal treatment.1 The most common species recovered in over one-third of the canals of root filled teeth with persisting periapical lesion is the Enterococcus faecalis (E. Faecalis). Enterococcus faecalis is a gram positive, facultative anaerobic, coccoid bacteria. Medicaments are recommended to eliminate remaining microbes in the root canal, dentinal tubules, accessory canals, canal irregularities (such as fins, transverse anastomoses, apical deltas and other ramifications) and in the periapical/periodontal tissue to reduce periapical inflammation, encourage periapical healing, eliminate apical exudates, control inflammatory root resorption and avert contamination of the canal between appointment.2 Earlier strong intracanal antiseptics such as formacresol and camphorated parachlorophenol were used, but due to their detrimental effects on the connective tissue, their use is limited, now-a-days. The excellent biologic and antimicrobial properties of calcium hydroxide have made it the preferred choice for intracanal dressing of the infected roots canals.1 Calcium hydroxide has been added to several endodontic sealers to improve their biological properties and to augment their antibacterial activity. When used as an intracanal medicament, the most important property of calcium hydroxide is its strong antimicrobial activity. Its high pH alters the biological lipopolysaccharides in the cell walls of Gram-negative species, there by inactivating the membrane transport mechanisms.3 Propolis is a resinous product rich in flavanoid. It has been used as in a number of ways; an anticaries agent, for dentinal hypersensitivity as sealant, storage medium for avulsed tooth, for pulp capping. Propolis is ten times less cytotoxic than calcium hydroxide and has a distinguished antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, immunomodulatry, antioxidant effect. Recent studies have reported that propolis is more effective against resistant microorganisms and is biocompatible. In endodontic procedures antibiotics can be used as an important aide but their ineffectiveness through systemic route of administration has led to the intra canal application, in order to increase their efficacy.1 Moxifloxacin and Ciprofloxacin are members of the quinolones. Among the drugs commonly used for endodontic infection, ciprofloxacin is indicated due to its efficient action against oral anaerobes, gram +ve aerobic microorganisms (Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis, Sptreptococcus spp) and gram -ve enterobacteria (Escherichia coli, Enterobacter spp and Pseudomonas), which show MIC90 between 0.015 and 2 ÃŽ ¼g/mL respectively. All the species of streptococcus are sensitive to concentrations between 1.0 and 8.0 ÃŽ ¼g/mL; Other Streptococcal species like S. aureus and S. epidermidis are also sensitive to concentrations between 0.25 and 1.0 ÃŽ ¼g/mL.4,5 Ciprofloxacin has antimicrobial activity against most Gram-negative bacilli and cocci but limited activity against most Gram-positive organisms. Moxifloxacin is a new fluoroquinolone with expended spectrum of activity, including anaerobes and Gram positive organisms, especially the multi-resistant ones.3,6-10 Moxifloxacin has been found to be one of the most active antibiotics against E. faecalis with the lowest MIC50 and MIC90. From the previous literature it has been proved that ciprofloxacin to be more active other antibiotics.3,6,8,9,11 The usage of local antibiotics in endodontic treatment was advocated by Grossman in 1951. Since then numerous antibiotics have been used during endodontic treatment. The antibiotic combination has proved advantageous with the usage of triantibiotic paste.12 The laboratory study was carried out to test the effectiveness of propolis and calcium hydroxidealone as well as in combination with the established endodontic medicaments (Moxifloxacin and Ciprofloxacin). Materials and method: The study was carried out in the Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics and Department of Microbiology at Saraswati Dental College and Hospital, Lucknow, India. Propolis (Hi-Tech Natural product India Ltd), Calcium Hydroxide (Vishaldentocare), Moxifloxacin (Avelox), Ciprofloxacin (Ciplox-500) were used in this study. They were distributed in different groups as presented in table no 1. The efficacy of these medicaments was tested by checking for the zone of inhibition for the specific strain (ATCC 29212) of Enterococcus faecalis at different time intervals i.e. 24hr, 48hr and 72hr. Specific stain (ATCC 29212) of Enterococcus Faecalis was procured and grown on Brain Heart Infusion Broth (BHI) under favorable temperature overnight and the growth was checked by changes in the turbidity at 24 hours. Blood Agar Media Plate was inoculated with Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212) by spreading the culture over the surface of the plate with a swab. Intermittent scraping of the culture was done at different sites to make wells for the placement of experimental intracanal medicament. The experimental groups were used in their minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against Enterocaccus faecalis (ATCC 29212). MIC of the various antibiotics used in this study was – Propalis 340 Â µg/mL, Calcium hydroxide 2500 Â µg/mL, Moxifloxacin 2 Â µg/mL and Ciprofloxacin 8 Â µg/mL .2,13 Propolis, Calcium hydroxide and antibiotics were used as a paste in which saline acted as a vehicle. Propolis and Calcium hydroxide were mixed separately with saline on a glass slab, with the help of cement spatula, to prepare the paste. For obtaining the antibiotic paste, tablets of Ciprofloxacin and Moxifloxacin were crushed in mortar and pestle and then mixed with saline on glass slab with cement spatula. Plates were subjected to incubation at 30 Â °c for 24hrs, 48 hrs and 72 hrs (Figure 1) and the diameter of the zones of inhibition were measured in millimeters with HiAntimicrobial Inhibition Zone Scale tm C (HiMedia Laboratories Pvt Limited, Mumbai) (Figure 2). The observations were subjected to descriptive and inferential (ANOVA) statistical analysis. Results: Table 2 shows the mean zones of inhibition in different groups irrespective of time. Zones of inhibitions ranged from 10 mm (Group II) to 28 mm (Group VI). Mean zone of inhibition was maximum in Group V (21.94Â ±4.26) followed by Group VI (18.80Â ±1.93), Group I (18.71Â ±4.26),Group VIII (15.88Â ±2.59), Group III (14.91Â ±1.00), Group VII (14.57Â ±2.17), Group IV (13.91Â ±1.00) and minimum in Group II (12.89Â ±2.14). Table 3 shows the ANOVA applied in different groups. Statistically, intergroup differences were significant (p Group I ~ Group VI > Group VIII ~ Group III ~ Group VII ~ Group IV ~ Group II. Table 4 shows the mean zones of inhibition at different time intervals in different groups. Mean zone of inhibition were maximum at 72 hr and minimum at 24 hr, and the intergroup differences were significant. At all the time intervals, group V showed the maximum antimicrobial efficacy. Discussion: Intracanal medicaments are used to eliminate remnant microbial flora after a thorough chemo-mechanical preparation of root canal and hasten the healing process. Propolis which is a very effective natural product and has been a part of popular medicine since thousands of years 14, 15. The color of Propolis is dark. Made from material collected from plants by bees, It is used against pathogenic microorganisms. Due to its anti-inflammatory properties it is effective against infection, rheumatism, muscular and articular diseases, and other types of inflammation.15-17 The chemical composition of propolis varies widely. Over 200 substances have been identified in the various varieties of propolis extracted from various geographical regions, which includes phenolic acids, esters, flavonoids, alcohols, aromatic aldehydes, fatty acids, amino acids, vitamins and minerals. Special emphasis is given to the flavonoids and phenolic acids mainly responsible for its biological activity. Propolis exh ibits antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties, that why it has been suggested as a root canal medicament.15,18,19 Calcium hydroxide, a white, odorless powder is one of the main stay of the root canal medicaments. It has a low solubility in water, insoluble in alcohol and a high pH. The extended clinical action of calcium hydroxide is well known. It is biocompatible, and has antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory action; it also activates the alkaline phosphatase enzyme, which in turn induces mineralized tissue formation and aid in the repair process. Chemically it is classified as a strong base, and when it is associated with a suitable vehicle produces an alkaline paste. Calcium hydroxide paste dissociates into calcium and the hydroxyl ions, the resulting environment will turn alkaline because of hydroxyl ions, due to this action it is a very good root canal dressing material. For the destruction of pathogenic bacteria of root canal and dentinal tubules , these hydroxyl ions should be capable to diffuse in dentin and persist in pulp tissues in a maximum concentration to produce the pH level requir ed 15,20. Moreover various other studies reported by Molander A. and Tirali et al found CaOH to have synergistic effect with other endodontic medicaments.21,22 Ciprofloxacin, a second generation fluoroquinolone antibiotic, inhibits bacterial DNA synthesis. In dentistry, it is used as a broad spectrum antimicrobial and is effective against gram negative bacteria (staphylococcus and pseudomonas). One of the important drugs of fourth-generation syntheticfluoroquinolone is Moxifloxacin. It has superior activity against Gram+ve bacteria and anaerobes as compared to levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin.Moxifloxacin is abroad-spectrum antibioticthat is active against bothGram-positiveandGram-negativebacteria. It inhibitsDNA gyrase, enzyme which inhibit cell replication by separating bacterial DNA 12. First and second generation fluoroquinolones selectively inhibit topoisomerase II ligase domain, which leaves the two nuclease domains intact. This particular modification, coupled with the stable action of the topoisomerase II within the cell of bacteria through nucleasic activity of the intact enzyme leads to DNA fragmentation. The further generations of fluoroquinolones i.e third and fourth acts selectively for topoisomerase IV ligase domain, which makes them more effective against gram positive coverage.12,23 Antimicrobial property of propolis is due to inhibition of bacterial DNA-dependant RNA polymerases. Synergism amid antibacterial agents and propolis has been observed by Madarova L in 1980. Grange JM and Davey RW found that there was synergism between antimicrobial drugs and propolis against S. aureus particularly those which interfere with bacterial protein synthesis.24-26 Noori Al-Wahi found propalis to have synergistic properties with honey.27 Although calcium hydroxide does not bond to dentin, it does have antibacterial property. Its mechanism of actions is through the ionic break down of Ca(+) and OH(-) ions and corresponding effects on vital tissues. Protein denaturation and damage to DNA and cytoplasmic membranes are responsible for fatality of calcium hydroxide on bacterial cells .28 E fecalis appears to be highly resistant to the antimicrobial effect of calcium hydroxide. Evans et al. reported that at pH of 11.1, E. faecalis was resistant to calcium hydroxide but unable to survive at higher pH. After intracanal dressing of calcium hydroxide in radicular dentin, due to its buffering effect, the alkalinity may only reach a ph of 10.3. This one factor may be responsible to the resistance of E faecalis to Calcium hydroxide. The presence of proton pump in the cell wall of E faecalis, could be another reason for its resistance towards Calcium hydroxide.29 In the present study Propolis alone and with antibiotic was found to be more effective than calcium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide with antibiotics. Rezende Ceps R et al and Jahromi MZ et al have also found propolis to be more effective than CaOH. Propolis showed the synergistic effect with ciprofloxacin and moxifloxacin at all time intervals.13,30 In this study Propolis showed maximum efficiency against Enterococcus faecalis in combination with Moxifloxacin followed by Ciprofloxacin, which is similar to the results obtained by Krolet et al, Fernandis A et al, Ricardo Oliveria et al, Gheda Helaly et al, Kracko M et al and Stepanovic S et al who found propolis to have synergistic effect with various antibiotics.31-36 Calcium hydroxide also showed synergistic effect with antibiotic at all time intervals, which was maximum with Moxifloxacin followed by Ciprofloxacin at all time intervals. Conclusion: On the basis of the results of the present study it can be concluded that Propolis and Calcium hydroxide show synergistic effect with Moxifloxacin and Ciprofloxacin against E. Faecalis. Propolis in combination with antibiotics and alone is more effective than calcium hydroxide. The use of Moxifloxacin as an intracanal medicament should be seriously explored. In order to draw more definitive conclusions, a wider and more detailed study needs to be undertaken. Clinical significance: Since propolis alone and in combination with antibiotics was observed to be more effective than calcium hydroxide, propolis can be considered as an intracanal medicament when compared to traditional calcium hydroxide.

A Midsummer Nights Dream by William Shakespeare :: A Midsummer Nights Dream, William Shakespeare

William Shakespeare's A Midsummer Night's Dream is very unique because there is a play within a play. Shakespeare uses the interesting qualities of the characters to narrate the play. The characters can be divided into four groups: The Athenian Court (The Duke, Hippolyta, Egeus, and Philostrate); the young lovers (Hermia, Lysander, Helena, and Demetrius); the fairy kingdom (Oberon, Titania, Puck, and the lesser fairies); and the workmen (Bottom, Quince, Flute, Snout, Starveling, and Snug). The Athenian court is the obvious upper class division of scoiety in Athens. Theseus is head of the Athenian state and his role is to maintain justice. Hippolyta is Theseus's new bride and shows sympathy to the young lovers. Both Theseus and Hippolyta are classified as legendary characters and collectively show their maturity and commitment to marriage. Egeus is a stubborn father whose character loses worth toward the end of the plot, while Philostrate's part is short and undeveloped. Despite being a group, the young lovers are more interesting than the Athenian court. 2 The male young lovers are somewhat similar in qualities. They are young and fall in and out of love quickly. For example Demetrius and Lysander both reject a girl they once loved; they fight over a one girl and then over the other. On the other hand, Hermia and Helena are not as similar because Hermia is short and Helena is tall. These characters are more interesting than the Athenian court because they provide the theme of commitment and being unfaithful. The young lovers are touched by magic by the fairy kingdom members. A member of the fairy kingdom, Oberon is resentful and generous at that the same time. Case in point, Oberon is resentful toward Titania refuses to hand over her boy, and generous in his attempt to make things go well for the the young lovers. Titania is a strong individual and stands up for herself against Oberon. But Titania too also is generous showing love for Bottom. Lastly, Puck is as servant for Oberon and does exactly what he says. Unfortunately he does not do everything correctly. For instance, Oberon requests that Puck use magic on Demetrius to return Helena's love, however he employs the magic upon Lysander instead. Puck means well but isn't necessarily given the respect due to him.